Génie civil

URI permanent de cette collectionhttps://dspacee.univ-temouchent.edu.dz/handle/123456789/763

Parcourir par

Voici les éléments 1 - 20 sur 231

Etude d'un batiment(R+10) avec sous-sols en béton armé situe A ain temouchent
(2016) Benyahia mohammed el Amin; Bendahnoun Yassine; Amara
Etude d'un batiment(R+7) à usage habitation en béton armée
(2016) Youcef Manel; Youcef Latifa; Kazi
ETUDE DE L’INFLUENCE DES PARAMETRES GEOMETRIQUES SUR LE COMPORTEMENT STRUCTUREL DES TUBES EN ACIER FORMES A FROID SOUMIS A DES SOLLICITATIONS MECANIQUES
(2026) DAOUD AMINA; SAIAH MAMA; DJELIL M.
This work focuses on the study of the local buckling behavior of cold-formed thin profiles with irregular octagonal tubular cross-sections (IOctHS). Thanks to their unique geometric characteristics, these sections represent a promising alternative to conventional profiles due to their potential for improving structural performance. However, their complex geometry significantly influences their behavior with respect to local instability phenomena. The study involves the analysis of 124 sections subjected to various types of loading. Particular attention is paid to evaluating the local buckling coefficients associated with each loading case in order to: (i) better understand the influence of geometric parameters on the local buckling behavior of the studied sections; and (ii) propose analytical expressions for determining the critical local load, an essential parameter for evaluating the strength of cold-formed profiles using the direct strength method. Given the geometric complexity of IOctHS sections, conventional analytical formulations do not allow for sufficiently accurate estimation of the local buckling coefficients. A numerical approach was therefore adopted, based on calculating the critical loads of the cross-section using the CUFSM software. This tool relies on the classical finite strip method as well as the constrained finite strip method, allowing for the identification and differentiation of the various instability modes, particularly the local mode. It also offers a detailed evaluation of the elastic stability behavior of thin profiles, explicitly taking into account the interaction between the section geometry and the constituent walls. The results obtained highlight the influence of different loading conditions on the local buckling behavior of IOctHS sections and contribute to a better understanding of their structural response. They also provide a practical basis for the design of this new generation of cold-formed profiles.
Influence du traitement des granulats biosourcés sur les caractéristiques générales d'un mortier écologique
(2026) Boudissa samah nihed; Attou Wafaa; ABDELHADI Houari
In the context of sustainable construction and the valorization of bio-based materials, this study investigates the use of cork waste as lightweight aggregates in plaster mortars. The main objective is to evaluate the influence of different pre-treatments applied to natural cork aggregates on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties of plaster mortars, with the aim of developing a more efficient and environmentally friendly building material. Three pre-treatment methods were studied: hot-water treatment (T1), hornification treatment (T2), and lime treatment (T3). Cork aggregates were used as a partial replacement for sand at different substitution rates (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Several tests were carried out in both fresh and hardened states, including workability, bulk density, surface hardness, ultrasonic pulse velocity, flexural and compressive strength, thermal conductivity, water absorption, porosity, durability under wetting–drying cycles, and acoustic insulation. The results showed that the incorporation of cork leads to a progressive decrease in mortar density, producing lighter materials. It also significantly improves thermal insulation due to the low thermal conductivity of cork. However, increasing the cork content results in higher water absorption and porosity, accompanied by a reduction in mechanical strength. The comparative analysis revealed that the hornification treatment (T2) provides the best compromise between mechanical performance, durability, and fresh-state behavior, whereas the lime treatment (T3) offers the best thermal insulation performance. Acoustic tests also highlighted the potential of cork to improve sound insulation at specific frequencies. This study confirms that plaster–cork mortars represent a promising eco-friendly solution for the construction sector. The choice of cork pre-treatment makes it possible to tailor the material properties according to the requirements of the intended application.
Détermination du coefficient des terres au repos (K0) à l’aide d’un pressiomètre innovant
(2026) SIALI Ayman; BENKADDOUR Khalil; AISSAOUI Soufyane; ZADJAOUI Abdeldjalil
Knowledge of the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (K0) obtained through in situ measurements is highly valuable for the geotechnical modeling of structures. Indeed, this parameter plays a crucial role in evaluating slope stability, lateral earth pressures on retaining structures, as well as heave phenomena during excavation works. However, its determination remains challenging, even with testing methods specifically developed for this purpose. The K0 coefficient can be measured using the self-boring pressuremeter (SBPMT), which minimizes soil disturbance during installation. Nevertheless, this technique remains costly and complex to implement. Methods employing displacement-based devices installed by driving or pushing such as the Marchetti flat dilatometer (DMT), the K0 stepped blade, or the push-in pressure cell generally lead to an overestimation of K0 due to the induced soil disturbance. Consequently, the full-displacement pressuremeter (FDPMT), characterized by high soil displacement, is not recommended for this type of measurement. This master’s thesis partakes in the ongoing efforts aimed at determining the coefficient of earth pressure at rest K0 in a simple, reproducible, more accurate, and cost-effective manner. This work includes a literature review dedicated to the determination of K0 using in situ methods, laboratory tests, and empirical correlations. Furthermore, this research presents an innovative pressuremeter device designed to overcome certain limitations of conventional Ménard pressuremeters and to enhance the quality of measurements obtained during testing. An experimental field campaign was carried out at a study site located in Tlemcen using this new pressuremeter equipment. Comparisons with conventional Ménard pressuremeter tests were performed on in situ soils at depths ranging from 1 to 15 meters. The results obtained with the new pressuremeter demonstrate that it is possible to determine the initial in situ horizontal stress h0 and, consequently, the coefficient of earth pressure at rest K0 in a simple and accurate manner. The proposed device, combined with a specific loading program, constitutes a promising alternative for measuring initial stress states in soils.
ANALYSE NON LINEAIRE D’UNE STRUCTURE EN TENANT COMPTE DE L’INTERACTION SOL-STRUCTURE
(2026) ZENASNI SOUHILA AICHA; BOUKADA FATIMA ZOHRA; TAHAR BERRABAH AMINA; MOUSSI WAHIBA
This master's thesis focuses on evaluating the linear and nonlinear seismic behavior of a G+3 reinforced concrete building. The structure is braced by a frame-shear wall system and located on soft soil (S3) within a high seismicity region (Zone V, Aïn Témouchent), strictly following the Algerian seismic code RPA 2024 requirements. First, a linear response spectrum analysis was conducted using SAP2000 software to design and proportion the structural members and shallow foundations. Two boundary configurations were compared: a traditional fixed-base model and a flexible-base model implementing Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) through Newmark-Rosenblueth impedance functions. Subsequently, a nonlinear static analysis (Pushover) was performed to extract the capacity curve, determine the performance point, and monitor the plastic hinge sequence within the superstructure. The outcomes demonstrate that accounting for SSI increases the fundamental natural period and safely reduces the base shear demand. However, it leads to higher lateral displacements, which must be carefully verified against second-order effects.
L’architecture coloniale à Ain Témouchent : entre conservation et oubli
(2026) BELLOUATI SASLIA; BEHILIL KHEIRA; EL HADJ MIMOUNE Arezki; BENDOUINA Khadîdja
Colonial architectural heritage in Algeria constitutes an integral part of the urban and historical legacy that reflects an important stage in the evolution of Algerian cities during the colonial period. This study focuses on the colonial urban center of Aïn Témouchent as a representative model illustrating the characteristics of urban planning and architecture inherited from the French colonial era. It aims to analyze the formation and evolution of this urban fabric, understand its current condition, and highlight the challenges related to its protection and valorization. The study adopts a multidisciplinary approach combining historical and documentary analysis, urban and architectural approaches, field investigation, as well as spatial and cartographic analysis, in order to diagnose the reality of colonial architectural heritage in Aïn Témouchent and identify the factors contributing to its deterioration. The findings reveal that the colonial center of the city is experiencing gradual deterioration due to several factors, including uncontrolled urban transformations, lack of regular maintenance, unregulated individual interventions, and weak policies aimed at protecting this heritage. Despite these challenges, this urban fabric retains significant historical, architectural, and symbolic value as an essential component of the city’s urban identity and collective memory. Therefore, the study emphasizes the necessity of adopting effective approaches for preserving, rehabilitating, and valorizing this heritage in accordance with the requirements of sustainable urban development.
Renforcement Parasismique Intelligent des Structures à l’Aide des Systèmes Innovants Appliqué aux Bâtiments Existants et Neufs
(2026) NACHI Manel; CHINOUNE Hadria; DERBAL Rachid; BENMANSOUR Nassima
The vulnerability of reinforced concrete structures to seismic actions represents one of the major challenges in the field of civil engineering, particularly for buildings designed according to outdated codes or exhibiting deficiencies in strength and stiffness. In this context, structural strengthening techniques offer effective solutions for enhancing structural performance and extending the service life of existing structures. Among these techniques, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthening and concrete jacketing are widely recognized as efficient rehabilitation methods. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these two strengthening techniques in improving the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete elements. The influence of each strengthening method on the mechanical and structural characteristics of the strengthened elements is investigated through the assessment of key performance indicators, including strength, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, as well as the evolution of deformations and displacements under seismic loading. The results demonstrate that both CFRP strengthening and concrete jacketing significantly enhance the structural performance of reinforced concrete structures. These techniques increase load-carrying capacity, improve seismic response, and reduce the level of damage that may occur during earthquake events. Furthermore, the study highlights that the selection of the most appropriate strengthening technique depends on the geometric and mechanical characteristics of the structure, its level of deterioration, and the objectives of the rehabilitation program. The findings confirm the importance of modern strengthening techniques as effective and economical solutions for improving the safety of existing structures, reducing their seismic vulnerability, and ensuring their long-term durability and performance.
Étude Avant-Projet détailler (APD) de la nouvelle ligne Ferroviaire Béchar — Gara Djebilet (Tindouf) sous tronçon PK 740+000 au PK 750+000
(2026) BOUTOUBA ABDELAZIZ; BOUASRIA ZOUAOUI; MOHAMMED BELHADJ Ahlem
This Master’s thesis delivers a comprehensive Detailed Avant-Projet Study (APD) of the PK 740+000 to PK 750+000 section of the new strategic railway line connecting Béchar to Gara Djebilet (Tindouf). The primary objective of this mining and transport infrastructure is to open up the region and facilitate the large-scale hauling of iron ore. Focused on Materials and Civil Engineering infrastructure, this work details the rigorous structural design of the track superstructure (rails, sleepers, ballast) and substructure layers, alongside the geotechnical evaluation of earthworks in a harsh desert environment. The design framework integrates international technical specifications (such as UIC 719 R and 720 R leaflets, EN 13674, and EN 13230 standards) tailored to the extreme climatic and geomorphological constraints of the Algerian Sahara, notably severe temperature fluctuations and sand encroachment risks. The adopted methodology encompasses the geometric structural design (horizontal alignment and vertical profile), the mechanical stress analysis under heavy axle loads typical of heavy- haul freight trains, and the characterization of local eco-materials for the subgrade layers. The findings validate the structural selection of track components (Continuously Welded Rails - CWR, prestressed concrete sleepers) and optimize the thickness of the sub-ballast and capping layers to prevent deformation and ensure long-term track stability. Ultimately, this study provides a robust technical framework for the sustainable construction of this crucial national railway corridor.
L’Utilisation de la poudre de verre pour la stabilisation des talus (Étude expérimentale et numérique)
(2026) BELMECHRI NAZIHA; BELMECHRI HAYET; BELABBACI Z
The phenomenon of slope instability is one of the most complex geotechnical problems, as clearly illustrated by the slope located on National Road N2 connecting the municipalities of Bensekrane and Amieur, where this site is subject to repeated landslides that threaten the safety of road users and nearby infrastructures. The stability of this slope mainly depends on the mechanical properties of the soil, particularly cohesion (c) and the internal friction angle (φ). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of recycled glass powder as a sustainable additive to improve soil stability at the studied site, by adopting a methodology that combines laboratory tests to determine shear strength characteristics after addition, and numerical modelling of the slope behaviour under both static and dynamic conditions using PLAXIS 2D and Géo-Slope software. The obtained results show a significant improvement in shear strength, reflected in an increase in the safety factor (FS), which confirms the effectiveness of glass powder as a relevant geotechnical and environmental solution for enhancing slope stability.
Conception et Simulation Numérique des Systèmes d’Isolation Sismique à la Base Selon les Nouvelles Règles Parasismiques Algériennes (RPA2024)
(2026) ADEL BOUMECHRA; AKIL MEDDAH; DERBAL Rachid; BENMANSOUR Nassima
This thesis presents a comparative study of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete structures, with and without base isolation systems, in accordance with the Algerian Seismic Regulation (RPA 2024). The primary objective is to evaluate the efficiency of isolation systems particularly High-Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB) and Friction Pendulum Systems (FPS) in reducing seismic forces transmitted to the superstructure. A comprehensive literature review is first presented, followed by an analysis of earthquake effects on civil engineering structures within the Algerian context. The RPA 2024 seismic regulation is then detailed, with emphasis on base isolation requirements. A R+9 building with basement, located in a high seismicity zone, is selected as the case study. Seismic analyses are performed using Etabs software, based on the modal response spectrum method. Results demonstrate that HDRB isolation reduces base shear forces by 54%, roof accelerations by 89%, and enables reinforcement savings of up to 50% for small column sections. These findings confirm the relevance of base isolation in the Algerian seismic context.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY: EVOLUTION, CURRENT STATE, AND FUTURE TRAJECTORIES WITH A FOCUS ON BIM INTEGRATION
(2026) BEN AISSA RAHAL NOUR EL HOUDA MOKHTARIA; ZENASNI FATIMA ZOHRA; KADDOUR Hakim
BIM (Building Information Modeling) is considered one of the most advanced systems currently available for managing and monitoring engineering projects across all their phases and typologies. The system derives its strength from cutting-edge field data acquisition and processing technologies, such as LiDAR and XR. However, most of these technologies remain prohibitively expensive, particularly for small-scale projects. This is where photogrammetry emerges as a relatively cost-effective alternative. This thesis aims to clarify this technology and assess its potential to support BIM workflows, by examining its various types, stages of development, and underlying mathematical models, while identifying the advantages of each approach. To this end, field imagery was processed using three different photogrammetric methods SfM, NeRF, and Gaussian Splatting employing various software packages and computer systems with differing specifications. The results revealed no significant difference in the field image acquisition process; however, the data processing pipelines and resulting outputs varied considerably. While SfM leads as the foundational method for all photogrammetric approaches, offering the highest geometric accuracy in 3D models, Gaussian Splatting excels in the visual realism of its outputs, albeit at the cost of larger file sizes. NeRF ،on the other hand, produces AI-generated models with impressive visual appearance, but lacks true geometric structure, rendering it unsuitable for precise engineering measurements.
Prédiction des propriétés à l’état durci du béton léger à l’aide de l’intelligence artificielle
(2026) BACHIR RAYANE ABDELAZIZ; HADJOUTI SAID; DOUNANE Nawal
Lightweight concrete has increasingly gained importance in civil engineering due to its numerous advantages, particularly the reduction of structural self-weight and the improvement of thermal insulation. However, its complex composition limits the effectiveness of conventional experimental methods. These methods face several constraints, including high costs, long testing durations, and the inability to explore all possible concrete formulations. In this context, this study develops and compares four machine learning models : Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and XGBoost. The main objective is to simultaneously predict four key properties of lightweight concrete : compressive strength (CS), tensile strength (TS), dry density (DD), and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The dataset was compiled from international scientific literature and includes twelve input variables. The results highlight the superior performance of the XGBoost model, which achieved a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.97 for predicting both compressive strength and dry density. The Random Forest model demonstrated the best performance for tensile strength prediction, with an R2 = 0.97. In contrast, the SVM model exhibited the lowest performance among the studied models, with an average R2 value of 0.84. A comparison with findings reported in the literature confirms that the machine learning models investigated outperform traditional prediction approaches. Therefore, these models offer promising opportunities for the optimization and design of new lightweight concrete mixtures with greater efficiency and accuracy.
Prédiction des propriétés à l’état durci du béton léger à l’aide de l’intelligence artificielle
(2026) BACHIR RAYANE ABDELAZIZ; HADJOUTI SAID; DOUNANE Nawal
Lightweight concrete has increasingly gained importance in civil engineering due to its numerous advantages, particularly the reduction of structural self-weight and the improvement of thermal insulation. However, its complex composition limits the effectiveness of conventional experimental methods. These methods face several constraints, including high costs, long testing durations, and the inability to explore all possible concrete formulations. In this context, this study develops and compares four machine learning models : Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and XGBoost. The main objective is to simultaneously predict four key properties of lightweight concrete : compressive strength (CS), tensile strength (TS), dry density (DD), and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The dataset was compiled from international scientific literature and includes twelve input variables. The results highlight the superior performance of the XGBoost model, which achieved a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.97 for predicting both compressive strength and dry density. The Random Forest model demonstrated the best performance for tensile strength prediction, with an R2 = 0.97. In contrast, the SVM model exhibited the lowest performance among the studied models, with an average R2 value of 0.84. A comparison with findings reported in the literature confirms that the machine learning models investigated outperform traditional prediction approaches. Therefore, these models offer promising opportunities for the optimization and design of new lightweight concrete mixtures with greater efficiency and accuracy.
Analyse de la Performance Parasismique des Structures Elancées Conformément aux Nouvelles Prescriptions du RPA 2024
(2026) DEGHBADJ Youcef; YACOUTA NOUR Hafid; DERBAL Rachid; BENNACEUR Sidi mohammed
This thesis analyzes the capacity of slender structures to resist seismic effects, applying the new regulations of the Algerian Anti-Seismic Code (RPA 2024). The study consists of six chapters: The first chapter includes a general description of the project and material properties. The second chapter covers the structural pre-sizing and load breakdown. The third chapter addresses the dynamic study and structural verification using ETABS software. The fourth chapter deals with the reinforcement calculation of the main elements using ETABS and Expert software. The fifth chapter is dedicated to the reinforcement of the secondary elements. The sixth chapter is devoted to the study of the infrastructure (foundations) using SAFE software.
Etudes des caractéristiques mécaniques et physiques d’un béton végétal
(2026) KADA MAHAMMED NAIMA; KADDOUR HALIMA; MOHAMMED BELHADJ Ahlem
Natural fibers constitute a promising alternative in the field of sustainable construction materials due to their mechanical properties, low environmental impact, and availability as renewable resources. In this research work, the physical and mechanical properties of a bio- based mortar reinforced with date palm fibers and marine algae fibers were investigated. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of these fibers on the behavior of the material while valorizing local renewable and environmentally friendly resources. Several formulations containing different dosages of natural fibers were prepared and subjected to a series of standardized tests. The investigations focused on workability, bulk density, water absorption, capillary absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, as well as other physical and mechanical properties. The obtained results showed that the incorporation of natural fibers significantly modifies the behavior of the mortar. The fibers contribute to reducing cracking, improving ductility, and enhancing certain mechanical performances, while reducing the density of the material and improving its thermal insulation capacity. However, an increase in fiber content leads to reduced workability as well as increased water absorption. The observed performances highlight the potential of date palm fibers and marine algae as reinforcing materials for cementitious composites. Their valorization offers interesting prospects for the development of sustainable, economical, and environmentally friendly construction materials.
Formulation d'un mortier de terre stabilisé pour le revêtement mural
(2026) BOUDJANI Habiba; BEN HAMADA Mohamed; CHALABI Youssouf
This Master's thesis is devoted to the study of the formulation and stabilization of raw earth mortars intended for use as wall coatings in the eco-construction sector. The main objective is to overcome the low water durability and dimensional instability of raw earth by valorizing local resources from the region. The experimental program consisted of characterizing a marly clay from Remchi and a fine sand from El Bouihi, then formulating different earth-sand matrices subjected to three types of treatment: without addition, stabilized with 5% lime, and stabilized with a binary mixture of 5% lime + 5% pozzolan. The results in the fresh state show that the lime-pozzolan combination effectively controls plastic shrinkage. In the hardened state (after 28 days), the tests highlight a remarkable textural optimum for the formulation composed of 45% clay, 45% sand, 5% lime, and 5% pozzolan. This optimized eco-material exhibits a maximum compressive strength of 3.12 MPa, a reduced drying shrinkage of 0.90%, and excellent abrasion resistance. Furthermore, when exposed to water, while the control series (0% addition) dissolve instantly, the lime-pozzolan formulation maintains perfect physical and geometrical integrity due to the development of pozzolanic reaction products. Finally, thermal characterization reveals low thermal conductivity, conferring excellent insulating properties to this coating. This work thus scientifically validates a raw earth mortar formulation that is durable, resistant, and ecological.
Analysis and optimization of External continuity tendons in long-span balanced cantilever Bridges
(2026) BESSAYAH MOHAMED; BRIKI ABDELHAKIM YASSINE; ABDERRAHMANE SAID
This research investigates the optimization of external prestressing tendons in large-span concrete bridges, in accordance with the Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-2) standards. The study aims to surpass the limitations of conventional design by determining optimal tendon profiles to ensure an efficient stress distribution and material reduction. The theoretical framework was applied to a high-scale bridge case study using Midas Civil structural analysis software. The findings demonstrate the ineffectiveness of external prestressing tendons in mitigating tensile stresses for this specific bridge type, despite systematic modifications to tendon layouts and the application of increased prestressing forces in line with current technical recommendations.
Résilience du couple Génie civil et ville : relation entre infrastructures civiles et formes architecturales
(2026) DJILALI BENHAMIDA SIHAM; BELHADJ NADJETTE; Bendouina Khadîdja
Urban flexibility and resilience to natural hazards are fundamental concepts that aim to better understand cities and communities while strengthening their capacity to adapt to earthquakes and various crises. Urban resilience is generally defined as the ability of a system to withstand disasters, adapt to them, and quickly recover its normal functioning. As it enables cities and urban fabrics to reduce risks and minimize human and material losses through compliance with building standards and appropriate urban planning. In contrast, old neighborhoods, slums, and certain peri-urban areas represent a high level of vulnerability to earthquakes due to the lack of proper urban organization, poor construction quality, and non-compliance with safety standards. These areas are often characterized by unemployment, poverty, and the spread of diseases associated with precarious living conditions. As a result, they usually suffer significant damage during earthquakes because of their high population density and buildings that do not meet technical standards. Conversely, the El Djawhara neighborhood in Ain Témouchent represents an example of a planned urban fabric designed according to modern organizational and technical standards. This planning has contributed to strengthening its resistance and adaptive capacity to natural hazards. This model highlights the importance of urban planning and compliance with building regulations in creating more resilient, safer.
ETUDE COMPARATIVE ENTRE BETON ORDINAIRE ET BETON FIBRE : REVIEW
(2026) YEKHLEF MOHAMED BADR EDDINE; BENIKHLEF MOHAMED AMINE; MOHAMMED BELHADJ Ahlem
This Master’s thesis presents a comprehensive and critical comparative review between ordinary concrete (OC) and fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC), two fundamental materials in modern civil engineering. The main objective is to analyze the impact of incorporating various types of fibers on the physical, mechanical, and rheological properties of the cementitious matrix. Although ordinary concrete exhibits high compressive strength, its intrinsic limitations, such as low tensile strength and high brittleness prone to crack propagation, restrict its performance. In Algeria, the application of OC is strictly governed by national building codes including CBA 93, RPA 99 (Version 2003), and BAEL 91. The addition of fibers—whether metallic (steel, amorphous alloys), synthetic (polypropylene, PVA, carbon), or natural (sisal, jute)—represents a major advancement by acting as stress-transfer bridges within the material’s microstructure. Through a structured methodological approach analyzing 25 recent scientific papers (published in 2026 in top-tier international journals such as Elsevier and RILEM), this work demonstrates that carbon and steel fibers yield the most significant improvements in elastic modulus and tensile strength. Conversely, synthetic micro-fibers primarily optimize early-age crack control and post-cracking ductility. However, the inclusion of fibers systematically reduces fresh concrete workability, demanding the vital use of superplasticizers to achieve adequate compaction. Ultimately, this study provides clear technical and economic recommendations for the design of durable and seismic-resistant structures in Algeria.

Parcourir par

Dépôts récents