Faculté des sciences économiques, commerciales et des sciences de gestion

URI permanent de cette collectionhttps://dspacee.univ-temouchent.edu.dz/handle/123456789/584

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انعكاسات تطبيق الحوكمة على إدارة الجودة الشاملة دراسة ميدانية
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) علي سواكر; سناء أوكبدان; مراد إسماعيل
This study aimed to investigate the impact of applying corporate governance mechanisms on enhancing Total Quality Management (TQM) practices by examining the relationship between governance mechanisms—namely the Board of Directors, Audit Committee, Internal Audit, External Audit, and Transparency and Disclosure—and TQM practices within telecommunications companies. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive-analytical approach was adopted. A structured questionnaire was employed as the primary instrument for data collection. The study population consisted of employees of Djezzy and Ooredoo telecommunications companies operating in Southern Algeria, specifically in the provinces of El Oued, El M'Ghair, and Touggourt. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics (Version 26) and Microsoft Excel 2010. A range of descriptive and inferential statistical techniques was employed, including Cronbach’s Alpha, descriptive statistics, normality tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, simple and multiple linear regression analyses, and hypothesis testing. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive effect of corporate governance mechanisms on improving Total Quality Management practices. The results demonstrated that the effective implementation of governance mechanisms enhances transparency, accountability, internal control, and operational efficiency, thereby contributing to continuous improvement and strengthening institutional performance. Furthermore, the study identified statistically significant differences in respondents’ evaluations of TQM practices attributable to certain professional and demographic characteristics. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening the implementation of corporate governance mechanisms within Algerian telecommunications companies, improving transparency and control systems, and promoting a quality-oriented organizational culture to enhance institutional performance, achieve organizational excellence, and ensure long-term sustainability.
دور التدقيق الخارجي في تحسين جودة الإفصاح المالي ضمن القوائم المالية دراسة ميدانية
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) موسوني نور الهدى; نايت إبراهيم بوسعد; بن صابر أسماء
The primary objective of the present study is to examine the pivotal role of external auditing in enhancing the quality of financial disclosure, to achieve this goal, real activities– based earnings management was incorporated as a mediating variable to assess the relationship between the two main variables. In this regard, a descriptive and analytical approach was adopted, and a questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection. The research sample consisted of 111 respondents, including external auditors and accounting experts operating in auditing firms within Tlemcen city, as well as internal auditors and accountants working in joint-stock companies in the same city. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to conduct descriptive analysis and assess the general tendencies of respondents’ answers. Additionally, the Smart PLS software was employed to perform structural equation modeling (SEM). The study yielded the following findings: There is a direct effect of external auditing on the quality of financial disclosure in joint-stock companies in Tlemcen. - There is no direct effect of external auditing on real activities–based earnings management practices in joint-stock companies in Tlemcen. - There is no direct effect of real activities–based earnings management on the quality of financial disclosure in joint-stock companies in Tlemcen. - There is no indirect effect of external auditing on the quality of financial disclosure through real activities–based earnings management as a mediating variable in joint- stock companies in Tlemcen.
أثر الإلتزام بأخلاقيات الوظيفة على الأداء الوظيفي بالإدارات العمومية
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) ميلود منداس; درويش عمار; كوديد سفيان
This study represents a scientific attempt to understand the impact of adherence to professional ethics on job performance within Algerian public administrations governed by the civil service system. It is based on the construction of a theoretical and applied model that integrates both behavioral and organizational dimensions of professional ethics, and on their analysis using rigorous statistical tools. The study originated from a central research question: To what extent does adherence to professional ethics influence job performance in Algerian public administration? The researcher sought to answer this question by testing both primary and subsidiary hypotheses, grounded in a solid theoretical framework and a descriptive methodology relying on the questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The sample consisted of 423 employees, selected randomly, and included a diverse group of male and female staff from different public administrations within the Wilaya of Aïn Témouchent. The collected data were subsequently processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and multi-method statistical analysis. The findings revealed that adherence to professional ethics constitutes a statistically significant explanatory variable in interpreting job performance, as the main null hypothesis was rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis. This confirms the existence of a positive and meaningful relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, the multiple regression equation demonstrated that the three most influential dimensions are: employees’ commitment to fulfilling their professional duties, the administration’s commitment to safeguarding employees’ rights, and the internal system founded upon ethical principles. These dimensions embody the reciprocal interaction between individual behavior and the organizational environment in shaping performance. In addition, the negative relationship between problems and obstacles, on the one hand, and the level of ethical commitment, on the other, confirmed that a balanced work environment free of hindrances fosters ethical adherence. Based on these findings, the study recommends the integration of the ethical dimension into civil service policies, through revising internal regulations, intensifying ethical training and qualification programs for public employees, strengthening mechanisms of ethical oversight and accountability, and raising awareness about restoring the centrality of ethics within the administrative environment. Such measures would contribute to consolidating a culture of ethical commitment as a powerful lever for achieving distinguished levels of performance that combine efficiency and effectiveness.
سلوك المستثمر في أسواق المال العربي – محاولة نمذجة
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) ملياني ياسين; جديدن لحسن; درويش عمار
Given the significance and sensitivity of behavioral influences within financial systems, this study investigates the econometric impact of investor behavior and psychological biases on asset pricing efficiency across three prominent Arab financial markets (Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, and Qatar) from 2010 to 2024. Methodologically, the research traces the paradigm shift from classical normative models—predicated on absolute rationality—to descriptive behavioral finance frameworks. It diagnoses the interplay between cognitive biases (such as overconfidence and representativeness) and emotional biases (such as loss aversion and herding) in shaping investment decisions and the subsequent formation of financial bubbles. Furthermore, the study analyzes the investment environment alongside the structural and social characteristics of the target markets, highlighting the role of the Saudi Exchange (TASI) as the largest regional market, the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange’s (ADX) correlation with the energy sector, and the Qatar Stock Exchange’s (QE) sensitivity to institutional stability—features that collectively facilitate the emergence of irrational behaviors. Employing DCC-GARCH and N-ARDL models to monitor dynamic fluctuations, the findings reveal a fundamental divergence; investor sentiment (SENT) emerged as a pivotal and sole determinant with a significant positive impact in the long run for the Qatar Stock Exchange. Conversely, structural variables (such as oil prices and exchange rates) dominated the long-term equilibria for the Saudi and Abu Dhabi markets. Furthermore, the results confirm the existence of asymmetric responses to shocks in the short term across all investigated markets. The study concludes that these markets are subject to complex nonlinear dynamics, rendering inefficiency a structural trait stemming from psychological biases and limits to arbitrage.
Evaluating the Volatility Forecasting Performance in the Sukuk Market
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) Mechebek Abd Elmoutaleb; Benslimane Nadjib
This study investigates the predictability of sukuk market volatility and evaluates the forecasting performance of six models(ARIMA, GARCH(1,1), HAR, PROPHET, ANN, and LSTM) across short- , medium-, and long-term horizons using a panel of 31 sukuk instruments based on realized volatility. The dataset covers 1,086 daily observations for each instrument over the period from January 2019 to April 2023, including sukuk funds issued across diverse regions such as the GCC, Southeast Asia, and selected global markets. The first stage of analysis confirms that sukuk returns exhibit volatility clustering, stationarity, non-normality, and time-varying conditional variance, indicating strong potential for accurate forecasting. The second stage assesses in-sample forecast performance through a two-step evaluation process: visual comparison of predicted versus actual volatility and quantitative measurement using MAE, MSE, and RMSE. Results indicate that forecast performance varies depending on the evaluation method used, showing that model rankings are not consistent across criteria. Based on quantitative error metrics, HAR is ranked first across all forecasting horizons, confirming its strong numerical accuracy. In the short term, ARIMA and Prophet are ranked second, while LSTM and ANN show moderate accuracy. In the medium and long term, LSTM is ranked second, followed by Prophet, and then ANN. However, from a visual evaluation perspective, the ranking changes. LSTM is ranked first in the short and medium terms, while ANN is ranked first in the long term, as both models track the realized volatility more closely. In contrast, GARCH performs worst across all horizons under both evaluation methods, producing forecasts that fail to capture market dynamics. Overall, these findings demonstrate that sukuk volatility exhibits structured and predictable behaviour, which directly supports your dissertation’s central research question on market predictability. At the same time, the results show that the optimal model depends on the evaluation criterion: HAR is the most reliable model for numerical accuracy, LSTM and ANN are the most effective models for visual tracking, whereas GARCH is consistently the weakest performer and should be avoided. These findings provide practical guidance for financial institutions, regulators, and investors in managing volatility and selecting forecasting tools in Islamic finance.
الفساد وأثره على التنويع الإقتصادي دراسة حالة الجزائر
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) خروبي عبد القادر; وهراني عبد الكريم
This study aims to examine the impact of corruption on economic diversification in Algeria over the period 1995–2024 Through an integrated Approach combining Theoretical analysis, descriptive analysis, and Econometric modeling. It seeks to explain the nature of the Relationship between corruption and economic diversification and to assess the direct and indirect effects of corruption Through productive Investment, Considered the main transmission channel of this impact. The importance of the study stems from the fact that corruption is one of the major Institutional factors hindering Algeria's transition from a hydrocarbon-dependent rentier economy to a more diversified and sustainable economy. The theoretical part of the study is based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The first chapter examines the conceptual framework of corruption, its causes, economic consequences, and anti-corruption mechanisms, while analyzing the evolution of corruption in Algeria and its legal and institutional framework. The second chapter addresses the conceptual framework of economic diversification, the issues of the rentier economy, the resource curse, and Dutch disease, drawing on the Norwegian experience as a comparative benchmark. It also analyzes the state of economic diversification in Algeria using a set of quantitative indicators, including sectoral diversification of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), diversification of public revenues, and export diversification. The empirical part employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach through two complementary econometric models. The first model estimates the impact of corruption on productive Investment, while the second assesses the effect of corruption on economic diversification by incorporating productive Investment as a mediating variable to examine its role as a transmission channel, while controlling for a set of relevant economic and Institutional variables. The findings Reveal a Statistical Significant negative effect of corruption on productive investment in both the short and the long run. They also show that the decline in productive investment adversely affects the level of economic diversification. These results confirm that corruption influences economic diversification not only directly but also indirectly by weakening productive investment, thereby contributing to the persistence of the fragile productive structure of the Algerian economy and its continued dependence on hydrocarbon rents. The study concludes that achieving effective and sustainable economic diversification in Algeria requires, in addition to economic reforms, strengthening institutional quality, promoting good governance and transparency, enhancing the effectiveness of anti-corruption mechanisms, and improving the environment for productive investment. These measures are essential for broadening the productive base and fostering sustainable economic growth.
أهمية النشاط المقاولاتي من أجل ترسيخ مقومات القطاع الصناعي
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) حموتي نسيمة; وراد فؤاد; لواتي خاتمة
This study aims to explore the importance of entrepreneurial activity in supporting and consolidating the foundations of the foundations of the industrial sector. The research employed an approach combining theoretical study and fieldwork by distributing a questionnaire to a group of industrial project owners in the Wilaya of Ain Temouchent. The collected data were analyzed using modern statistical tools to test the validity of the proposed hypotheses. The study produced significant results that highlight the relationship between entrepreneurial activity and the state of industry, allowing for practical and applicable recommendations.
تفعيل التأمين التكافلي كمدخل لدعم اعتماد التمويل الإسلامي بالجزائر على ضوء تجارب دولية
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) حاج طاهر خديجة; بوزيان الرحماني هاجر; مراد إسماعيل
This study aims to analyze the role of Takaful insurance in supporting and expanding Islamic finance in Algeria, through a comparative analysis based on the Malaysian and Saudi experiences, as two leading models in this field. The research adopts both descriptive and comparative approaches to examine the legal, regulatory, and economic environment of the Takaful sector. The findings reveal that the Takaful insurance market in Algeria is characterized by limited product diversity and a low level of integration with the Islamic finance system, due to insufficient regulatory and legislative frameworks. In contrast, the Malaysian and Saudi experiences have benefited from comprehensive environments that have enabled Takaful to play an effective role in supporting financing and investment activities. The study concludes that activating Takaful insurance in Algeria requires a set of fundamental conditions, notably the development of an appropriate legal and regulatory framework, the strengthening of institutional structures, and the enhancement of integration within the Islamic financial system. This would allow Takaful to serve as a strategic lever for expanding Islamic finance
دور الإبداع التكنولوجي في تحقيق القدرة التنافسية بالبنوك الجزائرية
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) فاطمي إيمان; بن عامر عبد الكريم
This study aimed to determine the role of technological creativity in the competitiveness of Algerian public banks. It was based on two fundamental dimensions: product creativity and process creativity. Regarding competitiveness, the study focused on three key requirements at the level of these banks, namely: production capacities, creative capacities, and marketing. The study was conducted on a random sample of 110 employees working in Algerian public banks in the wilaya of Aïn Témouchent. We adopted a descriptive and analytical approach, using a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. The questionnaire comprised 36 items divided into two main axes: the dimensions of technological creativity and the requirements for achieving competitiveness. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS v.22) along with various statistical methods. The results of the study revealed a statistically significant correlation between technological creativity and competitiveness. Furthermore, it was indicated that technological creativity, through its two dimensions (product and process), exerts a statistically significant effect on each dimension of competitiveness. The findings also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of adopting technological creativity within the studied banks attributable to gender, age group, educational level, or job classification. In contrast, significant differences were found based on the variable of years of experience, in favor of the group with less than 5 years of experience. Finally, the study demonstrated the absence of statistically significant differences regarding the level of interest in competitiveness based on all the aforementioned demographic and professional variables.
في دول الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا Samuelson-Balassa تحليل أثر
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) بن جراد بورحلة; سي محمد كمال; سي محمد فايزة
The study aimed to measure the impact of the Balassa-Samuelson effect on the real effective exchange rate in Middle Eastern and North African countries, This was done by analyzing the relationship between total factor productivity (TFP), the terms of trade, net foreign assets, the inflation rate, and institutional quality, and the extent of the impact of these factors on the real effective exchange rate. The study relied on the descriptive approach in the theoretical aspect, while the quantitative econometric approach was used in the applied aspect ,by applying the panel auto-regressive distributed lag model (panel ARDL) to annual data for the period extending from 2000 to 2019, using Stata17.0 software, The study concluded that there is a clear impact of the study variables on the real effective exchange rate in Middle Eastern and North African countries, where the total factor productivity affects the real effective exchange ratenegatively, which supports the hypothesis of the Balassa-Samuelson, The Terms of trade play an important role in determining the real effective exchange rate, and there is an inverse relationship between the inflation and the real effective exchange rate in the region, and the institutional quality has a positive effect on exchange rate stability, Thus, this indicates that all variables play a crucial role in explaining the movement and changes in the real effective exchange rate in the region, which confirms the existence of the Balassa-Samuelson effect in Middle Eastern and North African countries.
مؤشرات إستدامة المؤسسات المصغرة محاولة للنمدجة دراسة حالة
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) بن أحمد سعيد; بوطوبة محمد
This study aims to identify and define the economic indicators that directly influence the sustainability of micro-enterprises, recognizing their role as a vital source of job creation, innovation, and socio-economic development. Micro-enterprises contribute to meeting societal needs, improving living standards, and enhancing economic returns. The theoretical framework is based on sustainability models drawn from a multidisciplinary blend of economics, management, development, and environmental sciences, reflecting the complex nature of these enterprises. To test the study’s hypotheses, a quantitative methodology was adopted using available data collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to a sample of 109 active craft-based micro-enterprises in Tlemcen province. Two analytical phases were conducted: exploratory factor analysis to validate measurement scales, and linear regression to examine relationships between variables, using SPSS version 22. The findings reveal a varying positive impact of financial, managerial, productive, and marketing indicators on micro-enterprise sustainability. In contrast, administrative and technical indicators showed weak influence. The results further confirm that the more precise and integrated these indicators are, the greater the enterprise’s chances of survival and growth.
التسيير العمومي الجديد كآلية لتحسين جودة الخدمة العمومية بالجزائردراسة ميدانية جامعة تموشنت بلحاج بوشعيب
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) بن مسلم الزهرة; سليماني زناقي; بن يمينة خيرة
This study aims to evaluate the contribition of the new public management () model to enhancing the quality of public services within the university context. To achieve this objective, a Field study was conducted at Ain Témouchent University, where a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of administrative staff and executives working in various faculties, departments, and administrative units of the university. The results, analyzed using the Statistical package for the Social Sciences () version24, revealed a strong, positive, and statiscally significant correlation between the application of new public management principles (encompassing awareness of NPM’s importance, quality of administration and management, administrative accountability, participation, decentralization, and improved human resource management) and the enhancement of public service quality. Based on these findigs, the study recommends the necessity of Adopting and activating NPM principles and mechanisms in university administration, this approach is considered a strategic entry point for elevating performance levels and ensuring the quality of services provided thereby guaranteeing the achievement of comprehensive quality standards in public service delivery.
السياحة آلية لتحقيق التنويع الإقتصادي وبلوغ النمو المستدام
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2026) طاري، نسرين; وهراني، عبد الكريم
This study aims to analyze the role of the tourism sector in promoting economic diversification and supporting sustainable growth in Algeria over the period 1995–2022. A dual methodological framework combining theoretical analysis and quantitative econometric application was adopted, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The analysis was structured through two separate models to better understand the nature of interactions among the variables: the first measures the impact of tourism on the level of economic diversification, while the second examines the cumulative, joint effect of tourism and economic diversification on sustainable growth. The findings indicate that tourism investment contributes to reducing concentration and enhancing diversification, whereas tourism revenues did not exhibit the same effect due to weak productive linkages. The results further show that economic diversification constitutes an important mediating channel that strengthens the impact of tourism on sustainable growth, despite its limited role stemming from the slow structural transformation of the Algerian economy.
لتعزيز جودة المعلومة المالية للأغراض العامة IPSASتطبيق معايير المحاسبة الدولية للقطاع العام
(2025) بلعجال،نسيرين; غرزي،سليمة
This study aims at the importance of reforming public accounting in light of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), as well as the inclusion of accrual-based accounting in public bodies of an administrative nature. Through this study, the researcher focused on the quality of measurement and disclosure of financial information for public institutions of an administrative nature through the first application of accrual-based accounting at the University of Mostaganem, where the study went through all the stages of the first application of accrual-based accounting, starting with the inventory process and the opening budget, all the way to the final budget and all other financial statements. It was achieved to improve the financial accounting information of the University of Mostaganem. Reflecting the honest image of this institution and enhancing financial information. By applying public sector accounting standards.
المعايير المحاسبية الدولية للقطاع العام والحوكمة المحلية دراسة حالة اقاليم جزائرية
(2026) بن مغنية حليمة; بن سليمان نجيب
This study aimed to highlight the impact of implementing local governance based on International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) (specifically, Organic Finance Law 18/15 and Public Accounting Law 23/07) on financial disclosure in the public sector in certain regions of Algeria. The study relied on a data survey using a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale, administered to a sample of 169 professionals from several Algerian regions (Oran, Tiaret, Relizane, etc.). The data was analyzed using SPSS software and structural analysis with SmartPLS. The results showed that implementing local governance based on IPSAS (specifically, Organic Finance Law 18/15 and Public Accounting Law 23/07) improves the financial disclosure of government accounting information and increases government accountability and transparency. It also appears that the lack of experts in government accounting standards, their conflict with laws, and the high cost of transitioning from current accounting practices to these standards pose threats. Therefore, the two new finance and accounting laws were developed to facilitate keeping pace with legal systems in Algeria and to achieve a better level of disclosure.
المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة بين إشكالية التمويل واحتمال التعثر،دراسة حالة بعض المؤسسات في الجزائر
(2025) بن زقيرعبد اللطيف; حولية يحيى
Early prediction of financial distress is a cornerstone for ensuring the continuity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in volatile economic environments. This study evaluates the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) models, specifically Deep Neural Networks (DNN)and Genetic Algorithms (GA), in classifying Algerian SMEs based on their financial health (solvency or insolvency) during the period (2017–2023). The study analyzed financial data from a sample of 100 SMEsregistered in the National Commercial Register (CNRC), utilizing 15 financial ratios (e.g., current ratio, debt ratio, cash ratio) within the Visual Studio Code development environment . The results revealed a significant outperformance of the Genetic Algorithm model optimized with Random Forests, achieving a prediction accuracy of 99.46%, compared to the Deep Neural Network model, which achieved 97.34%. The study also identified specific financial ratios such as the quick liquidity ratio, and return on assets as having the strongest impact on diagnosing financial distress. In contrast, other ratios (e.g., fixed asset turnover ratio) exhibited moderate or weak influence
دور التكامل العربي في ترقية الصادرات العربية كخيار استراتيجي لتحفيز التنويع الاقتصادي في الجزائر
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2025) بونوة, الشيخ; بن نافلة، نصيرة; دربال، فاطمة الزهراء
Arab integration is a strategic necessity to enhance cooperation among Arab countries and achieve sustainable development. The focus on trade exchange between Arab nations has been a fundamental pillar of joint economic efforts through economic agreements and the promotion of intra- Arab trade. This underscores the importance of facilitating trade movement among Arab countries and leveraging the vast Arab market. Like other oil-producing Arab countries, Algeria is pursuing a strategy to promote exports by addressing all aspects of export activities and seeking alternative revenue sources to the hydrocarbon sector. This involves diversifying the export structure and expanding the geographical reach of export markets, with a primary focus on Arab markets, to stimulate economic diversification in Algeria. Accordingly, this study analyzes and measures the role of Arab economic integration on Algeria's non-hydrocarbon exports to Arab countries. It utilizes panel data and models it using the gravity model, aiming to obtain econometrics results through statistical analysis tools such as Stata 17 Software.
دور المزيج التسويقي الخدمي في تحسين جودة الخدمات التأمينية
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2025) ديدة، عمر; مراد، إسماعيل
This study aims to analyze the impact of the service marketing mix on the quality of insurance services in insurance companies, by surveying customer perceptions regarding the components of the marketing mix and the quality of the services provided. From a theoretical standpoint, the study concludes that the service marketing mix is one of the most important tools for the success of insurance organizations, as it enables the development and improvement of services according to customer needs. Furthermore, the quality of insurance services represents a critical factor in achieving customer satisfaction and competitive advantage in a market characterized by service similarity. The quality is based on specific dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. From an empirical perspective, the results showed that the promotion element had the greatest influence on improving service quality, followed by processes. A high evaluation of service quality was recorded, particularly in the dimensions of assurance and empathy. The findings confirmed a strong relationship between the service marketing mix elements and the quality of insurance services. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found in customers’ evaluations related to gender or age, whereas differences were observed, based on the insurance company. Based on these findings, the study recommends investing in technology, improving service delivery procedures, training staff, adopting innovative promotional methods, enhancing the physical environment, fostering a culture of innovation, and utilizing effective quality measurement tools. The study also emphasizes the need to keep pace with modern developments in information technology and insurance marketing to ensure excellence and sustainability.
Diversification économique et croissance économique en Algérie
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2025) Bensalem, Brahimi; Zenagui, Sid Ahmed
This thesis examines economic diversification and growth in Algeria, a country moving forward—at a rapid pace—in its quest for economic diversification to address the economic challenges it has faced for several decades. This economic diversification is essential to escape the influence of hydrocarbons. This strategic direction breaks with the prevailing rent-seeking model and, moreover, meets the demands of a rapidly changing global economy. An increasingly interconnected economy, based on a renewed social vision, following the 2020 recession that weakened the national economy and social fabric.
دراسة نظرية إختلال التوازن في الدورات اإلقتصادية
(University of Ain Temouchent, 2025) كشكاش, منير; زناقي, سيداحمد
This study aimed to analyze the concept of the Disequilibrium Theory in economic cycles within the Algerian economy. This theory posits that the economy is not always in a state of stable equilibrium or self- correcting balance but is instead subject to economic disturbances and external factors that impact equilibrium. These disruptions create gaps between supply and demand as well as between production and consumption, which may result in rising inflation rates and transitions between different phases of the economic cycle. In this context, the interconnection between various marketssuch as the goods and services market, the monetary market, and the labor marketbecomes evident, as each market influences and is influenced by the others. The study employed an econometric analysis based on annual data from the World Bank for the period spanning 1994 to 2022. Three econometric models were constructed: the first focused on variables related to the goods and services market, while the second analyzed the monetary market using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to determine the dynamic relationships among the studied variables. For the labor market, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was applied. The findings indicated that the Algerian economy, during the analyzed period, was transitioning from a phase of contraction to a phase of expansion. The results also confirmed the strong interdependence among different markets, demonstrating that any imbalance in economic variables directly affects economic growth and leads to a decline in economic activity. Furthermore, the study highlighted that the Algerian economy is continuously exposed to disequilibrium in economic cycles due to its heavy reliance on oil revenues.

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