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Item Feminine Resilience and Gothic Decay: A Study of Feminism, social Concerns and Moral Decline in Seth Graham Smith’s Pride and Prejudice and Zombies(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) Belhadj ,Chaimaa Fatima Zohra; LAOUFI,SamiraThis dissertation examines the representation of feminine resilience in Seth Graham Smith’s Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, it reflects how feminist and gothic perspectives contributed to the portrayal of women. This master’s thesis investigates gothic themes and the imagery of the societal ills as well as the rules imposed by patriarchal system. Using qualitative textual analysis and feminist criticism, theories of gothic literature and various materials on social decay, this study contends that elements of the gothic like death, decay and the collapse of society mirrored the unbending social conventions and the restrictions that were handed down. Due to the analysis, this dissertation shows how fusion of gothic conventions with feminist elements redefines social norms and demonstrated women’s autonomy, agency and identity.Item Identity Construction Through Imagination: Resistance to Conventional Girlhood in Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) MAALOUM,Djoumana; YAHIA,FatimaAnne of Green Gables, a novel by L. M. Montgomery published in the early Twentieth Century, presents an orphan girl whose strong imagination becomes a powerful tool for self-expression and identity formation. The author portrayed her personal struggles and hardships through the character Anne, which allows readers to gain insight into the imaginative mind of a child who struggles to find acceptance and belonging within a society governed by rigid social expectations. The aim of this research paper is to analyse the social structure of the Avonlea community to lay the groundwork for understanding Anne’s personality and her need to use imagination. The findings show that Anne is expected to conform to patriarchal social order; however, her imagination consistently allows her to challenge this model, transforming moments of marginalisation and exclusion into acts of self-definition and creative agency. The study concludes that imagination, far from being a mere personality trait, operates as Anne’s central strategy of resistance to patriarchal expectations, enabling her to construct an identity that exceeds the conventional girlhood Avonlea attempts to impose on her, and contributing to a feminist reading of female agency in late-Victorian children’s literature.Item Justice versus Law in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) BENTAIEB,Chaima; BELAHMAR LOUAZANI,AssyaJustice versus law is a central moral and legal conflict in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892), particularly in the short stories of “A Scandal in Bohemia”, “The Boscombe Valley Mystery”, and “The Adventure of The Copper Beeches”. The detective Sherlock Holmes defies the law, placing moral justice above strict legal procedures. Despite numerous studies on justice, law, morality, and the role of Sherlock Holmes in Victorian literature, no research has yet comprehensively analysed these themes from the perspective of the conflict between justice and law. This dissertation’s main objective is to analyse how Arthur Conan Doyle represents the conflict between legal institutions and Sherlock Holmes, and whether the law is capable of delivering true justice. The data acquired from a textual analysis of selected short stories and literary theory, demonstrate that Holmes consistently acts outside the Victorian legal system in order to establish his personal justice based on reason and morality. The findings reveal the limitations of the Victorian Law and the inefficiency of the authorities to carry out justice, proving that justice requires an individual approach founded on moral principles, intelligence, logic, and reason.Item Fractured Selves and Gendered Trauma: A Psychoanalytic Feminist Reading of Murakami's Kafka On The Shore and Krino's Out(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) Allal ,Sadia; Kersani, HasnaThis research examines how trauma and memory shape identity in modern Japanese literature through a comparative study of Haruki Murakami's Kafka On The Shore and Natsuo Kirino's Out. Grounded in psychoanalytic and feminist trauma theories particularly Judith Herman's framework of gendered and relational trauma ,this paper argues that both novels represent the self as fractured and continuously reconstructed through different narrative mechanisms, drawing on Freudian and Jungian psychoanalysis, Cathy Caruth's trauma theory, and Julia Kristeva's concept of abjection. The analysis demonstrates that trauma is articulated differently across the two novels. In Kafka on the Shore, psychological rupture emerges through repression, dissociation, dreamscapes, and symbolic displacement, revealing a fragmented self that navigates the boundaries between reality and the unconscious; yet in Out, trauma is grounded in lived social experience, where emotional numbness, bodily strain, domestic oppression, and acts of resistance expose the material consequences of gendered trauma response. Through these contrasting representations, the study further highlights that gender determines not only how trauma is lived, but also how it becomes legible as narrative with male suffering often granted philosophical mobility, while female suffering is depicted as endurance within oppressive systems. Ultimately, the dissertation shows that trauma does not simply represent the past; it functions as a structuring force that determines memory's form, narrative style, and the very possibility of selfhoodItem The Industrial Revolution: A Watershed in Human Society in Charles Dickens’s Hard Times(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) RADJA, Mohamed Aymain; LAOUFI,SamiraThis dissertation examines Charles Dickens’s “Hard Times” as a powerful literary response to the Industrial Revolution and its profound transformation of human society. By portraying industrial England as a space of mechanical routine, emotional repression, and social inequality, Dickens presents industrialization as a watershed that reshaped not only economic structures but also human relationships, moral values, and individual identities. Drawing on historical and socio-critical perspectives, this study explores how utilitarian ideology and industrial capitalism contribute to dehumanization, class division, and emotional alienation. Through an analysis of setting, characterization, and narrative technique, the dissertation argues that Dickens critiques the reduction of human life to facts, profit, and productivity, while advocating imagination, empathy, and social responsibility as necessary correctives. Ultimately, “Hard Times” is shown to be a moral and social indictment of industrial modernity whose concerns remain relevant in contemporary societies shaped by technological and economic rationalism.Item Travellers’ Stories: Lived Mobility, Survivor’s Guilt, and Explorer’s Relief in Wamariya’s The Girl Who Smiled Beads and Strayed’s Wild(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) DERFOUF,Sarrah; HASSAIENE,ZahéraThis dissertation provides a comparative analysis of involuntary movement and voluntary travel, and the contrasting effects and lasting outcomes of both trajectories, through Clemantine Wamariya’s The Girl Who Smiled Beads (2018) and Cheryl Strayed’s Wild (2012). This Research serves as a bridge linking mobility to context by contrasting voluntary and involuntary journeys, a comparison scarcely considered in previous studies. Theories and concepts, including Cresswell’s theory of mobility and space, Bruner’s storytelling, O’Connor’s survivor’s guilt, and Spencer’s survival of the fittest, were used. The research looks into how both memoirs convey the controversial meanings of mobility and its ambiguous aftermath. It determines that Clemantine Wamariya’s The Girl Who Smiled Beads reveals the burden of travel in war and survival contexts, while Cheryl Strayed’s positive accounts of her journey capture the transformative nature of travel through her personal rebirth in her memoir Wild. The comparative analysis of these stories communicates the importance of viewing travel in different lights, namely; survival, struggle, trauma and loss.Item Travel as a Journey of Healing and Self-Transformation in Elizabeth Gilbert's Eat, Pray, Love(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) KSAL,Louiza; BELAHMAR LOUAZANI,AssyaElizabeth Gilbert’s Eat Pray Love (2006) stands as a significant contribution to contemporary autobiographical and travel literature. The memoir narrates a deeply personal process of healing and self-discovery following divorce and emotional upheaval. This research examines how travel functions as a transformative process of healing and identity reconstruction, drawing on feminist theory and autobiographical approaches. Gilbert’s journeys through Italy, India, and Indonesia represent distinct phases of personal growth: rediscovering pleasure, engaging in spiritual reflection, and achieving balance and self-acceptance. The work also interrogates traditional expectations of women, highlighting themes of independence and self- empowerment. Additionally, the study emphasizes storytelling as a therapeutic act, illustrating how autobiographical narrative can facilitate emotional understanding and personal growth. Ultimately, Eat Pray Love emerges not only as a travel memoir but as a story of healing, resilience, and evolving identityItem Cultural Displacement and Identity Loss in Tayib Salih’s Season of Migration to the North(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) MOULAY MELIANI,Asmaa; YAHIA,FatimaThis dissertation provides a textual analysis of the complex relationship between cultural displacement and identity loss within a postcolonial framework, focusing on Tayib Salih’s novel Season of Migration to the North. Conceptual and theoretical frameworks, including Edward Said’s Orientalism and Homi Bhabha’s Hybridity, unhomeliness and In-between condition, were employed. The research explores how cultural displacement and movement between two cultures can affect an individual’s sense of self, giving rise to alienation, isolation and internal struggles. It concludes that the novel depicts identity loss as a direct effect of cultural displacement, as strongly illustrated by the character of Mustafa Saeed. These narratives reveal that identity is fractured, divided, and constantly lost due to colonial influence. This examination emphasises the lasting effects of colonialism on postcolonial individuals and their identities, exposing these as unsettled struggles.Item Women’s Voices between Silence and Resistance: A Psychoanalytic Reading of A Thousand Splendid Suns(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) BENAISSA ,Nour El Houda; BENFODDA,AssiaThe representation of women's voices in contemporary fiction has seen a major shift in terms of their depiction, particularly in contexts marked by war, patriarchy, and social oppression. Although there have been many studies on the topic of silence in literature as a means of marginalizing and subjugating people, and while more and more works have started analysing the use of silence as a form of resistance, little has been done regarding the analysis of the use of silence as a mode of resistance in light of the psychoanalytic theory of Julia Kristeva in the context of Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns. Based on theories developed by Julia Kristeva regarding semiotics, symbolic, and repression, this research studies how silence and resistance affect the subjectivity of the female characters Mariam and Laila in A Thousand Splendid Suns. It investigates how silence becomes a semiotic space for the expression of repressed feelings in the case of Mariam and how the identity of Laila is constructed through education and awareness in addition to her resistance against the symbolic order. In spite of the differences between their identities, it becomes evident that repression is not a factor that limits the identity construction, but at the same time, it helps in forming identity. It is found that silence becomes more than a lack of voice; it is a type of resistance that creates female solidarityItem Investigating Emotional Displacement in Exit west by Mohsin Hamid(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) Adla,Fatima; Benfodda,AssiaThis dissertation is a literary examination of the depiction of emotional displacement in Mohsin Hamid's Exit West. This study draws on attachment theory to argue that the spatial and political experience of migration cannot be separated from its emotional and psychological impact on relationships, intimacy, and continuity. The study investigates emotional displacement and what is called "emotional migration" to understand how this displacement causes emotional instability and how that instability alters Saeed and Nadia's relationship. This thesis draws on diaspora in Pakistani literature, emotional displacement, and John Bowlby's attachment theory. It focuses on how intimate relationships are made and re-made under difficult circumstances and during crises, such as forced displacement. Attachment theory in this thesis is not viewed as a stable way of relating, but as dynamic, unstable, and formed by instability and loss. This work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter presents the theoretical framework focusing on Diaspora, Emotional Displacement, and Attachment Theory. The second chapter explores the psychological states of Saeed and Nadia in the wake of their displacement. The third chapter applies Attachment Theory to the novel by analyzing attachment anxiety, emotional withdrawal, and the construction of shifting attachment states amid long-term separation and displacement. Ultimately, the thesis argues that emotional displacement is a central part of the novel's development: Saeed develops an attachment pattern that depends on centrality, while Nadia develops an attachment style that depends on emotional detachment and self-creation. The contrasting attachment patterns of Saeed depend on their relationship over time, showing that even under prolonged separation and emotional displacement, intimacy and identity continue to shiftItem teaching and learning strategies for medical English: case of medical student at the faculty of medicine - Oran(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) aissani, abir aicha; benguerfi ,boubekeur"This desertion explores the different strategies of teaching/learning EMP in the Algerian medical universities. It discusses the findings using the quantitative approach, extracted from two questionnaire addressed to students and teachers. The study aims to shed the lights on the weakness and gaps in the current learning strategies and teaching techniques so that the teachers adjust and create a new teaching resources, to examine the efficiency and the adequacy of EMP learning strategies for both the academic and professional contexts and to provide curriculum planners, teachers and learners with empirical insights on what enhance EMP classrooms."Item The Role of Social Media in English Language Proficiency Enhancement The Case of M2 EFL learners at Belhadj Bouchaib University of Ain Temouchent(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) BENABED,Meriem; BELOUADI,Chahrazed; BOUZID,AssiaThe rapid advancement of media technology has driven significant global growth and increased its integration into education. Although these platforms provide authentic exposure to English, many students still face difficulties in developing their language proficiency, especially their lexical background. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of social media platforms in enhancing students' language proficiency. The research is a case study was conducted in the English department at Belhadj Bouchaib University, involving 30 M2 learners. In order to collect the necessary data, the researchers opted for two instruments of data collection: a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 30 M2 students in didactics and applied languages at the University of Ain Temouchent Belhadj Bouchaib, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with 4 teachers in the department of English at the same University. The researchers used a mixed approach to analyze their data: quantitative and qualitative data. The main results showed that social media plays an effective role in enhancing students' proficiency and enriching their vocabulary.Item The Paradox of Hope Between Control and Resistance in Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games trilogy(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) DJELLALI ,Nour El Houda Alia; HASSEANE,ZaheraWhen authoritarianism thrives in a dystopic world, the duality of hope functions as a manipulative tool that sustains manufactured spectacle, while simultaneously serving as a catalyst and a silent promise. Previous researchers have shown that hope is often associated with utopian fiction, owing to its pure and innocent nature; therefore, some studies have emphasized hope’s significance in Suzanne Collins’ Hunger Games trilogy and Gary Ross' movies released between 2008 and 2015, overlooking that it is a double-edged weapon. This dissertation aims to study the twisted nature of hope in dystopias, a nature that swings upon a controlling tool and a liberative force, to see if hope can survive/win against oppression. Through a deep textual analysis of the novels and the cinematic script of the movie adaptations, the findings revealed that, under a compulsive abuse of spectacle and the politics of visibility, hope lead towards destruction; hence, a whimsical, quixotic feeling remains eternal and immaculate, often leading towards the awakening of consciousness and mental freedom.Item Haunted by the Family: A Psychoanalytic Study of Natalie Waite in Shirley Jackson’s “Hangsaman”(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) Beneddine ,Ahlem; Kersani, HasnaHasnaThis dissertation offers a psychoanalytic reading of Natalie Waite, the protagonist of Shirley Jackson‘s The Hangsaman (1951), by examining the family as a central source of psychological trauma and haunting. Drawing primarily on Freudian and post-Freudian psychoanalytic concepts such as repression, the unconscious, the uncanny, and identity fragmentation, the study argues that Natalie‘s mental disintegration is not an isolated pathology but a direct outcome of dysfunctional family dynamics. The Waite household is presented as an oppressive psychological space marked by emotional neglect, intellectual domination, and symbolic violence, all of which contribute to Natalie‘s unstable sense of self. The dissertation further explores Natalie‘s divided psyche through the emergence of the double, interpreted as a manifestation of repressed fears and desires that surface in response to familial control. Although the college setting appears to offer Natalie an escape from her family, the analysis demonstrates that this space ultimately reproduces similar structures of authority and alienation, reinforcing rather than resolving her psychological conflict. By situating Natalie‘s madness within a broader psychoanalytic framework, this study reconsiders mental breakdown as a complex form of survival and resistance. Ultimately, the dissertation highlights how the family‘s haunting presence persists throughout the narrative, shaping Natalie‘s identity and preventing any definitive resolution of the self.Item Investigating Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions on Incorporating Islamic Cultural Notions in EFL Literature at the University of AinTemouchent Case Study of Leila Aboulela Short Stories(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) BENSAAD,KheiraAffaf; BELARBI,DalalEFL Literature is essential for language and culture learning. However, considering students' identity is needed. For this reason, the researcher suggests using EFL Islamic Literature. The current Study investigates the students’ attitudes and teachers’ perspectives regarding both English Literature and EFL Islamic Literature through suggesting Leila Aboulela short stories. A questionnaire and semi structured interview were used as research tools in order to collect the necessary quantitative and qualitative data to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses. The sample of this study is third year EFL students at the Department of Letters and English Language at the University of AinTemouchent, Algeria. The results obtained from analyzing the extracted data using both descriptive and thematic analysis, reflected that both English Literature and EFL Literature with Islamic cultural notions are effective for EFL Literature teaching and learning. While English Literature is preferred for improving language skills and culture learning, EFL Literature with Islamic cultural notions is favored for identity preservation as well as culture learning. These findings show the importance of incorporating EFL Literature that includes Islamic cultural notions in EFL classrooms to promote identity conservation, language and culture learning.Item Investigating the Effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching in Enhancing English Basic Speaking abilities among Fifth-Year Primary Pupils Primary: A Quasi- Experimental study(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) Benichou,Rahma Nihal; Koriche,HassibaThe purpose of this research is to assess the Effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) in enhancing basic English-speaking abilities and interaction during class activities among Fifth-Year Primary Pupils (school). This study investigates the role of communicative tasks in increasing classroom participation. A quasi-experimental design was adopted, including a control group taught through traditional methods and an experimental group that participated in task-based activities. A pre-test and post-test were designed to collect data, along with classroom observation. The results were interpreted using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis. They found that the experimental group outperformed the control group in basic speaking skills and classroom participation. Observation data supported the findings, indicating higher levels of engagement, participation, and meaningful use of simple English among those exposed to TBLT. The study confirmed the hypothesis that TBLT significantly promotes learners’ basic speaking abilities and sets active classroom participation. This study recommends integrating task-based activities in primary EFL classrooms to foster an effective learning environment.Item Teacher-Designed Low-Cost VR Tasks and Their Impact on EFL Learners' Speaking Fluency in Algerian Higher Education(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) BABA BENDERMEL,Fatima Zohra; BENGHALEM,BoualemThis research explores the effects of a teacher-designed, low-cost VR-based speaking task on the speaking fluency of third-year (L3) English as a foreign Language learners at Belhadj Bouchaib University. A quasi-experimental design was adopted, comprising pre-tests and post- tests for the control and experimental groups of the Continuous Oral Production module. The experimental group (N=10) prepared their oral presentations implementing immersive 360° virtual reality videos available on YouTube through smartphones (with final presentations delivered using shared PCs). Whereas the control group (N=10) prepared their presentations using non-immersive conventional visual materials, including digital photographs and videos. Both groups were assessed at pre-test and post-test using an Oral Fluency Rating Rubric designed by the researcher, scored out of 20 points, assessing five criteria: speech rate, pause frequency, repair and self-correction, speech continuity, and fluency markers use. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and paired samples t-tests were used to analyse data. Findings showed that the control group significantly improved in speaking fluency (p<0.001, d=1.806), while the experimental group exhibited no significant improvement (p=0.853, d=0.060). The hypothesis of the research was not supported. These results are explained in light of the theories of Cognitive Load, Constructivist Learning, and Task-Based Language Teaching. This research concludes that despite the potential of low-cost VR in the context of education, its success in teaching EFL speaking is determined by how it is implemented and by students’ experience with VR technology.Item Teacher-Student Relationship Quality as a Predictor of Academic Achivement : Case of M2 Students at the University of Ain Temouchen(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) Bentalha, Ahlem; Benariba, Saadia; Amaria, FehaimaThe present research work focuses on the study of teacher–student relationship quality as a predictor of academic achievement at Belhadj Bouchaib University of Ain Temouchent in Algeria. This study aims to shed light on the importance of establishing positive and supportive relationships between teachers and students in enhancing the learning process in general, and academic performance in particular. The aim is to investigate the impact of teacher–student relationships on Master 2 students who strive to achieve better academic results. In this regard, a qualitative approach was employed in order to validate our research hypothesis which claimed that if a positive and supportive relationship is maintained in the classroom, students’ academic achievement will be improved. For data collection we sent two questionnaires to gathered statistical data from both students and teachers : the first questionnaire was administered to a sample of M2 students, and the second one was distributed to teachers of the English Language Department. The findings of this study will contribute to the understanding of the role of teacher–student relationships in academic success and offer practical recommendations for teachers who seek to enhance students’ performance. The main findings revealed the significance of maintaining positive teacher– student relationships and their positive impact on students’ academic achievement; however, there are some obstacles that must be taken into consideration, such as limited communication and large class sizesItem The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Students' Learning Habits: The Case of EFL Master Students at the University of Ain Temouchent(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) Assaine Malia ,Nada; MESSAOUDI,NouriaThe incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in the field of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching and learning is gaining significant importance because of increased students' use of AI tools and teachers' struggles to adjust to modern technological innovations. This study focuses on the effect of AI competence among teachers on the teaching and learning processes and on the learning habits of students in EFL. Moreover, this study attempts to determine whether self-learning can assist teachers in bridging the gap between themselves and AI in the field of education. This study employed the case study method at the University of Ain Temouchent. For data collection, semi-structured interview was conducted with six EFL teachers, while questionnaires were administered to 161 EFL Master students in order to investigate their perceptions towards use of AI technologies in EFL education, their dependence on these technologies, as well as impact on critical thinking skills and learning practices. The results showed that the majority of teachers had inadequate knowledge about the implementation of AI within EFL education and insufficient experience in this area, whereas students used various AI applications intensively while conducting their academic work. Moreover, excessive reliance on AI was shown to have negative implications for students' critical thinking skills and learning behaviour. However, the self-training process proved successful in terms of teachers' increased competency and self-confidence in the utilization of AI technology. In conclusion, the results of the current study emphasized the need for promoting the development of AI competence among teachers and institutional support in its effective implementation.Item Exploring the Challenges of AI Adoption in English- Medium Instruction Classes: A Case Study of First-Year Computer Sciences Students- University of Ain-Temouchent(UNIVERSITY OF AIN TEMOUCHENT, 2026) MEGHERBI,Kenza Wissem; HADJ ABDERRAHMAN,Fatima; HAMZAOUI,ChahrazedEnglish Medium instruction is a phenomenon that has recently been applied in universities worldwide. Similarly, artificial intelligence is a prominent system that has been widely recognized in the area of education specifically in higher education. Therefore, the combination of both phenomena has witnessed considerable challenges in scientific and technical streams, particularly in the ‘mathematics and computer sciences’ field. To this end, this research work aims to investigate the different challenges encountered while integrating artificial intelligence in English-Medium Instruction contexts, as well as teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards this adoption. A triangulation of research instruments, including an online questionnaire, a structured interview, and classroom observation, was used with a sample of 44 first-year students and six teachers from the Department of Computer Science- University of Ain Temouchent. The data were analysed following a mixed- methods approach including both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results revealed that teachers and students encountered various challenges such as grammar issues, lack of vocabulary and lack of training in English. Other important results lied in the students’ risk of dependency on AI, and the positive attitudes displayed towards artificial intelligence integration. Additionally, the present study provided a significant contribution in understanding the role and the significance of artificial intelligence within English-Medium Instruction classrooms.