Etude des activités biologiques des extrais naturels d’une plante médicinale Rosmarinus officinalis l. de la région d’Ain Temouchent

Abstract

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant widely recognized for its richness in bioactive compounds, particularly essential oils, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which are responsible for numerous biological properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of aqueous, ethanolic, and hexane extracts, as well as the essential oil and total oil obtained from rosemary leaves collected in the Aïn Témouchent region (Algeria). The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus, whereas the other extracts were prepared by maceration with appropriate solvents. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method against four reference bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus), as well as Candida albicans. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The results showed that the different extracts exhibited variable biological activities depending on their nature, with the ethanolic extract and the essential oil displaying the highest activities. These findings confirm the potential of rosemary as a natural source of bioactive compounds that could be exploited in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic applications.