Etude mycologique et recherche de mycotoxines à partir de la flore fongique présente dans les grains de blé entreposés dans les unités CCLS de deux wilayas (Tlemcen et Aïn –Témouchent)

Abstract

Food products play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and stability of nations. In Algeria, wheat serves as a staple food however, it is vulnerable to contamination during storage, particularly under conditions of high humidity and inadequate ventilation. This study highlighted contamination of stored durum and soft wheat samples in the CCLS units of Tlemcen and Ain Témouchent, focusing on the presence of molds and the mycotoxins produced by the isolated fungal strains. Physicochemical analyses confirmed that wheat provides a conducive environment for mold growth. The isolation and identification of molds revealed a significant fungal presence, with four primary genera identified. The most prevalent genera included Cladosporium sp (7 %), Penicillium sp (6 %), Alternaria sp1 (5 %), and Aspergillus niger (4 %). Additionally, the genera Alternaria sp2 and Aspergillus sp2 were detected at lower frequencies, specifically (2 %) and (1 %), respectively. Detection of mycotoxin-producing isolates indicated that the Aspergillus sp2 strain has the potential to produce mycotoxins. However, this analysis remains incomplete and requires confirmation through other more reliable and accurate methods. These findings underscore a potential health risk, emphasizing the need for improved storage conditions, stringent quality control of grains, and the adoption of rigorous agricultural and hygiene practices in order to limit fungal proliferation and reduce the mycotoxic risk, thereby ensuring a healthy and safe product for the consumer.