Evaluation de la qualité physico-chimique et bactériologique des eaux de puits

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of six water samples collected in the Ain Temouchent region, including five borehole water samples (S1 to S5) and one well water sample (P1). Bacteriological analyses were conducted using the membrane filtration method. Simultaneously, physicochemical analyses were carried out in accordance with ISO standards and Algerian regulations. The results indicate the complete absence of microorganisms such as total and fecal coliforms, streptococci, Clostridium, and Salmonella in all samples, demonstrating excellent microbiological quality compliant with Algerian standards and those of the World Health Organization (WHO).Physicochemically, the pH of the borehole waters averages 7.48, while that of the well is 7.1. Electrical conductivity varies widely, ranging from 3.35 μS/cm (S1) to 1911 μS/cm (S2) for the boreholes, and is 966 μS/cm for the well. Turbidity is low, between 0.20 NTU (S2) and 2.64 NTU (S1), with a value of 1.15 NTU for the well. Measured temperatures average 18.9 °C for the boreholes and 15.8 °C for the well. Total hardness fluctuates around an average of 35.2 mg/L CaCO3. Chloride concentrations range from 106.35 mg/L (P1) to 377.9 mg/L (S1). Ammonium levels vary between 0 and 0.443 mg/L, while phosphorus concentrations range from 0.01 mg/L (S3) to 0.443 mg/L (S5).These results indicate that the analyzed waters have impeccable microbiological quality and satisfactory physicochemical quality, ensuring their suitability for human consumption subject to regular monitoring.