Etude Phytochimique Et L’évaluation Des Activités Antibactériennes De L’huile Essentielle De « Salvia Officinalis »

Abstract

In order to valorize medicinal plants, we have undertaken a study about phytochemical and biological study of the plant salvia officinalis. Sage is very famous plant for its therapeutics effects , has been harvested in northwestern Algeria in the Aghlal area of Ain Témouchent.We were interested in doing a phytochemical study and evaluating the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the officinal sage , against 5 bacterial strains, which was tested by biological tests, the method of diffusion on disk (the aromatogram), followed by the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentration (CMB and CMF) for some potentially pathogenic bacteria. The results obtained for phytochemical tests reveal the presence of the different families of existing chemical compounds (flavonoids, tannins, saponosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, coumarins, mucilages and emodols) with varying intensity between the extracts studied. The highest yield in the extracts of the plant is the 80.46% aqueous extract, the demonstration of the presence of phenolic compounds, with a content of 25%, the total sugar content 17%. The antibacterial activity revealed an inhibitory effect of the essential oils for all the bacteria tested with a yield of 1.2%. The diameters of the inhibition zones obtained for the bacterial strains tested are relatively important for all the bacteria tested and mainly to E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The zone of inhibition recorded for this strains (20 to 30mm) is slightly greater than that caused by Gentamycin and is resistant to Erythromycin and Vancamycin. The MICs and CMBs obtained for these strains are just as satisfactory. These results are promising and provide scientific validation of the massive use of this species. Thus the effect of natural substances extracted from medicinal plants could well compete with that of antibiotics. The essential oil of salvia officinalis has been endowed with undeniable antibacterial properties.