Etude phytochimique et évaluation de l’activité anti-inflammatoire, in vitro, des extraits et l’huile de gingembre « Zingiber officinale » sur la stabilité membranaire du globule rouge

Abstract

The ginger "Zingiber officinale" is a perennial and rhizomatous herb belonging to the family of "Zingiberaceae" and reaching up to 3 m in height in culture. It is widely distributed in southern China, Southeast Asia and India with various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiemetic properties. Our research method is based on the use of different extracts obtained by maceration, namely the aqueous crude extract, the crude water / methanol extract, the crude water / acetone extract and oil by soxhlet extraction. The qualitative phytochemical screening of these extracts revealed the richness of this plant in secondary metabolites where we noted the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, free quinones and reducing compounds. On the one hand, the dosage of total polyphenols and flavonoids marks variable contents in the extracts with levels of 4 mg EAG / g and 0.26 mg EAG / g for the aqueous extract respectively. The study of the analysis of the toxicity of Zingiber officinale demonstrated an average rate which does not exceed a percentage of hemolysis of 60% for the three crude extracts and a very low percentage of hemolysis not exceeding 10,2% for total oil at the maximum concentration of 30 mg / mL. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory activity vis-à-vis human erythrocyte has been proven by the calculation of the percentage of inhibition of hemolysis very high in all the extracts. Finally, these results suggest that Zingiber officinale is one of the medicinal plants richest in bioactive components and the most important with a lower percentage of cytotoxicity and a very good anti-inflammatory activity.