Etude phytochimique et évaluation des activités antibactérienne et antifongique des extrais de Henné « Lawsonia inermis »

Abstract

Introduction: Currently the development of microbial resistance to antibiotics and their toxicities have led researchers to draw from the vegetable world whose plants play a beneficial role in terms of preventive action how is very important for human and animal health. As part of the development of medicinal plants, we are interested to realize a phytochemical study of the leaves of the plant Lawsonia inermis and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of its extracts. Material and methods: To be able to exploit a possible therapeutic activity, crude extracts as well as tannin extract were tested for their antimicrobial effect by two methods; the diffusion of the discs and the method of dilutions and those on four Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram- negative bacteria and a Candida yeast. Results: The phytochemical tests carried out during this study reveal the presence of the different families of chemical compounds with a varied intensity between the two extracts studied. The results obtained show that each of the extracts has a well-defined activity on the growth of the bacteria tested. The bacterial strains most sensitive to our extracts are: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus Cereus ATCC 1876 and Bacillus Subtilis ATCC 6633. The 1-butanol and water / methanol fraction of henna showed significant antifungal activity on the strain tested. Conclusion: This study justifies the traditional use of henna leaves in the treatment of many diseases. The massive consumption of leaves of this plant in times of epidemics could be a good preventive measure.