Prévalence et impact du marqueur CA15-3 dans le pronostic du cancer du sein

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Breast cancer is characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of breast cells, primarily affecting the milk ducts or lobules, and has the ability to spread to the opposite breast as well as to other distant

organs, forming metastases. Its development is associated with several risk factors: non- modifiable (age, family history, BRCA genetic mutations) and modifiable (obesity, alcohol

consumption, smoking, age at first pregnancy). The classification of breast cancer is based on molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive, triple-negative), histopathological types (in situ and invasive) and TNM staging. Our retrospective study, conducted among 18 patients aged 20 to 80 years, identified the main epidemiological, clinical and biological characteristics. The results show a predominance of patients aged 50 to 60 and who were married (89.36%).Clinically, frequent lymph node involvement was observed, with tumours predominantly affecting the left breast (57.14% for CA 15-3 < 30 U/ml), particularly in the upper outer quadrant (OUQ) with 60.71% for CA 15-3 < 30 U/ml and 45.45% for CA 15-3 > 30 U/ml. Histologically, grade II SBR invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most common. Strong expression of hormone receptors (ER+/PR+) was noted, associated with elevated CA15-3 levels, particularly in HER2-positive patients. These results confirm the value of CA15-3 for post-treatment monitoring.