Profil et antibiorésistance des bactéries incriminées dans les gastro-entérites

Abstract

Bacterial gastroenteritis is characterized by its low frequencies, but is now a real global health problem due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria, especially Enterobactriaceae, is an indication of the emergence of resistant bacterial strains in the community. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from gastroenteritis. It was conducted, initially, on 245 positive cases of bacterial gastroenteritis to identify the bacteria responsible, the results obtained allowed us to observe the predominance of E coli isolates particularly in children (34%), followed by Proteus (20%), followed by Shigella, Yersinia and Klebsiella (13% each), and last but not least Salmonella (7%). The antibiogram carried out on a number of 29 isolates revealed high levels of resistance to certain antibiotics especially for amoxicillin clavulanic acid (62.02%) and cefazolin (34.48%). Levels were average for ciprofloxacin (24.13%), oxacillin, metronidazole and gentamicin (20.68% each). All isolates were resistant to amoxicillin clavulanic acid and cefazolin with rates ranging from 20 to 80%. Only the Shigella and Salmonella isolates were fully susceptible to metronidazole and ciprofloxacin. No resistance was observed in Proteus and Shigella for gentamicin. Resistance to oxacillin strains was also not observed in Proteus and Yersinia. The results of multidrug resistance indicate that no isolate is perfectly sensitive to the antibiotics tested. Moreover, 62% of these strains are resistant to at least 2 different antibiotics and more than 27% are resistant to 3 different antibiotics and 4.44% are resistant to 4 different antibiotics at once. These results should raise the alarm bells at national and regional level to act to raise awareness, inform and combat the misuse and inadequacy of antibiotics