Evaluation de la cytotoxicité in vito des extraits des graines de la plantes peganum harmala L

Abstract

The plant Peganum harmala L, also known as harmal, is a medicinal plant in the Zygophyllaceae family, which is widely used in traditional Algerian medicine for its various medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical composition and in vitro toxicity of Peganum harmala seed extracts. Crude extracts of Peganum harmala L seeds were obtained by two types of extraction, maceration and reflux, using water and a water/ethanol mixture as solvents. The highest yield (30.5%) was obtained with the reflux extraction using water as solvent, while the lowest yield (15%) was obtained with the reflux hydroalcoholic extract. Phytochemical analysis of Peganum harmala seed extracts revealed a high presence of alkaloids, followed by coumarins, sterols and reducing compounds. Tannins and saponosides were absent. The in vitro red blood cell toxicity study confirmed that acetylsalicylic acid causes hemolysis of red blood cells, with levels ranging from 90.15% to 100 mg/mL. In parallel, Peganum harmala seed extracts showed lower hemolysis rates