Le profil épidémiologique de l’ictère néonatal dans un échantillon de la population de l’Ouest Algérien

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice is a prevalent condition among newborns, characterized by yellow discoloration of the skin and conjunctiva due to elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. While typically benign and self-limiting, it may lead to severe neurological complications if not promptly diagnosed and properly managed. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of neonatal jaundice and explore associated factors across three hospitals in western Algeria. Conducted over six months—from January 2023 to March 2025—this descriptive epidemiological study included 80 jaundiced neonates from Berrebie Abdelkader EPH in Hammam Bouhadjar, Tazi Fatima EHS in Oran, and Mohamed Yamloul "Djaâfar" Hospital in Tlemcen. The variables analyzed were sex, age, mode of delivery, blood group, birth weight, and serum bilirubin levels. The findings showed a predominance of male infants (60%) and a higher frequency of vaginal deliveries. However, no statistically significant associations were found between sex and bilirubin levels, nor between delivery method and jaundice. Similarly, no meaningful correlation was observed between bilirubin concentration and ABO or Rh blood group incompatibility. These findings highlight the critical need for early screening and individualized follow-up of newborns, regardless of initial clinical or laboratory indicators