الأفعال الكلامية في خطب الرسول صلى الله عليه و سلّم : نماذج من كتاب خطب الرسول لمحمد خليل الخطيب - مقاربة تداولية

Abstract

This study aims to explore the pragmatic dimensions of the Prophet Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) sermons by analyzing the speech acts they contain, as fundamental components of linguistic communication. The analysis is based on Speech Act Theory as developed by Austin and Searle, with special consideration given to the pragmatic context of religious discourse. The study is divided into two main chapters: the first presents the theoretical framework, introducing pragmatics in terms of its definition, development, functions, and its relation to other sciences—especially focusing on speech acts and contextual analysis. The second chapter applies this framework to five prophetic sermons: the Farewell Sermon, the Sermon on Welcoming Ramadan, the Friday Sermon, the Sermon after the Battle of Uhud, and the Sermon of the Conquest of Mecca. The analysis revealed a diversity of speech acts used in the Prophet’s discourse—commands, prohibitions, guidance, persuasion, emotional expression, promises, and warnings—serving communicative purposes such as instruction, reform, and the development of religious and social awareness. The study concludes that the Prophetic discourse is a model of successful pragmatic performance, marked by coherence between utterance and context, and appropriateness to the audience and situation. This highlights the value of employing modern linguistic approaches in the study of classical religious texts.