Dessalement de l’eau de Mer par osmose inverse

Abstract

Reverse osmosis (RO) is based on the fact that the water to be treated passes through a semi permeable membrane under a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure, which makes it possible to retain the solutes on the concentrate side and obtain a permeate (treated water) on the other side. Our dissertation presents a reading of the different seawater desalination processes, and highlights the most popular reverse osmosis process in Algeria, supported by an internship carried out at the BWC desalination station. This thesis presents a series of experiments carried out on a ROUC RO pilot which aim to study the consequences of various parameters, such as pressure, temperature, flow rate and salt concentration, on the efficiency of the OI process. Increasing the pressure (35 bars and 40 bars) can reduce the efficiency of the membrane by causing polarization and clogging effects. A higher temperature (35°C and 40°C) increases the permeability of the membrane and facilitates the passage of salts. Feed rate and salt concentration also influence yield: a flow rate of 29.9 ml/s produces a yield of 4.4%, while salt concentrations of 15 g/l and 20 g/l reduce the yield at 1.86% and 1.49%, respectively.