Impact des pratiques de production sur la qualité du lait cru de la région d’Ain Témouchent, collecté et destiné à être transformé à Soummam

Abstract

Algeria, the largest consumer of milk in North Africa, paradoxically relies heavily on imports. This situation stems from a struggling local production hampered by several factors: predominantly extensive farming, a critical lack of collection infrastructure, low fodder production, the high cost of concentrated feed, and insufficient political support. In this context, the rigorous adoption of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) becomes a fundamental lever for transforming the sector. This notably includes reasoned resource management, respect for animal welfare, impeccable milking hygiene, and effective health prevention. These practices are essential for significantly improving the quality of raw milk. To assess the real impact of these practices, a field study was conducted in the Aïn Témouchent region. Five dairy farms underwent detailed monitoring via an in-depth questionnaire and a visit to a control farm. This data was complemented by physicochemical analyses to verify milk conformity with national and international standards, as well as by microbiological analyses to evaluate the overall hygienic and sanitary quality of the milk. This approach allowed for an in-depth examination of GAP guidelines, an evaluation of their concrete implementation within the visited farms, and ultimately, the formulation of practical and targeted recommendations aimed at strengthening the quality, traceability, and sustainability of Algerian dairy production.