Suivi spatio-temporel et évaluation de la diversité végétale de la zone humide de Douaima (Hammam Bouhadjar)

Abstract

This study focuses on the floristic and bioclimatic analysis of the saline wetland of Douaïma, in the wilaya of Aïn Témouchent. The main objective is to identify the halophytic plant biodiversity of this site and to contribute to a better understanding of this ecosystem for conservation purposes. The bioclimatic analysis, based on the De Martonne index, the Bagnouls and Gaussen ombrothermic method, and Emberger's climagram, reveals a semi-arid climate with a hot winter, characterized by a dry season lasting approximately six and a half months, imposing significant water stress on the vegetation.

The floristic analysis identified 55 plant species belonging to 19 families. The dominant families are Asteraceae (23.63%), Poaceae (20%), and Amaranthaceae (9.09%). The analysis of biological types shows a dominance of therophytes (43.7%) and annual herbaceous plants (56.36%), reflecting the adaptation of vegetation to the harsh environmental conditions. The floristic assemblage shows a predominantly Mediterranean biogeographical affinity (61.1%). The Douaïma wetland represents a halophytic heritage of significant ecological value, whose protection and sustainable management are essential priorities in the face of climatic pressures threatening its balance.