Contribution à l’étude du couvert végétal du littoral d’Oranie : dynamique et cartographie (Cas d’Ain Temouchent etTlemcen)

Abstract

The purpose of our work is the contribution to the dynamic study of the vegetation of the region of Ain Temouchent (Béni Saf) and Tlemcen (Ghazaouet). To carry out this work, two stations located on the coast of the two wilayas were chosen. The latter are characterized by a significant floristic diversity consisting mainly of therophyte species. The study of the climate of the two zones is: a semi-arid climate. The plant cover evolved regressively towards a thérophysation. The floristic analysis was supported by a study of floristic biodiversity which gave us more precision on the quality of this vegetation. The two stations studied show a flagrant decrease in the floristic richness and a weakening more than ever of this coastal ecosystem. On the dynamic level, and through a geographic information system (GIS), in which two well-defined periods 1984 and 2021 were retained, allowed us to dig into the knowledge of the spatial and temporal variability of the vegetation and the expansion of urban areas in this region. In this context, land use maps have been produced. The analyzes of the cartographic data, synthesized through this research, have identified the manifestations and reactions of these ecosystems, which have actually undergone degradation and disturbance caused essentially by climatic activity. Indeed, a spatio-temporal development plan for the forest and agricultural territory of the study area has been proposed to suggest a development of the territory in the future. This work was carried out using GIS, through the superimposition of the land potential map and the land use maps, in association with field observations and consultation of the forest and agricultural archives of the areas. of studies. The results obtained reveal a progression in the space of forests, and a regression of the plant space, The layout aims to achieve a harmonious balance in the use of space, which is partly based on the suitability of the soil.