Impact de déséquilibre alimentaire chez la femme enceinte

Abstract

Dietary imbalance consists of deficiencies or excesses, and each situation entails specific risks for pregnant women and the foetus. The aim of our study is to determine the impact of dietary imbalance on pregnant women during pregnancy. The women were surveyed on various variables: their state of health, level of education, anthropometric parameters, a dietary survey and we were interested in the influence of diet on state of health. A total of 100 women aged 17-45 were surveyed, divided into six classes according to their BMI (39 women with a normal BMI, 31 women with an overweight BMI, 13 women with a moderate BMI, 6 women with a severe BMI, 6 women with a massive BMI, 5 women with a lean BMI). The health status results indicate the presence of several pathologies: anaemia (28%), arterial hypertension (18%), diabetes (12%), renal colic (1%). The combination of diets on the weight and health of pregnant women reveals 3 groups (Group 1: women with an overweight BMI who are at risk of anaemia during pregnancy due to overconsumption of processed foods and fats; Group 2: combines women characterized by normal BMI who follow a balanced diet with a moderate and regular consumption of proteins and fruit and vegetables and good hydration and consequently a low possibility of having diseases; Group 3: obese women who risk chronic diseases and during the pregnancy period and this is mainly due to the very unbalanced diet. The association between the age of pregnant women and their diet and health shows that 3 groups were revealed (Group 1: with the 2 foods worst for the health of pregnant women; Group 2: women aged between 17 and 35 with a low probability of developing chronic illnesses during pregnancy who follow a fairly healthy diet; Group 3: women aged between 35 and 44 who are at risk of developing certain illnesses due either to an unhealthy, unbalanced diet or to their age. In conclusion, our study shows that dietary imbalance consists of deficiencies or excesses, and each situation generates specific risks for pregnant women and the foetus.