Contribution à la caractérisation des bactéries isolées à partir de la cavité buccale

Abstract

The oral cavity is home to one of the most complex microbial ecosystems in the human body, it includes more than 700 different bacterial species colonizing various sites in the mouth. These bacteria, whose origin can be endogenous or exogenous, can cause oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis) which is a public health scourge. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify bacteria from the oral cavity in humans collected from four different sites (gum, dental plaque, tongue and dental caries) as well as the evaluation of their resistance to antibiotics. This work focused on 20 oral samples from patients aged between 1 and 70 years. Among the different bacteria isolated, six were selected in order to follow the identification. This identification is based on morphological, cultural, biochemical characters, and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The results obtained show the presence of Staphylococcus aureus species in the gums, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp in the caries, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis in the tongue and Salmonella spp in the dental plaque. According to the antibiotic susceptibility tests, it appears that most of the bacteria isolated show an appearance of resistance to almost all of the antibiotics tested, which shows their multi-resistance character. We can conclude that even if there are more active antibiotics, the best control of oral diseases is prevention, considered as economically necessary on the basis of a strict application of hygiene measures